Upper-airway resistance syndrome.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Upper-airway resistance syndrome (UARS) was first recognized in children in 1982 (Guilleminault et al., 1982). The term UARS, however, was not used until adult cases were reported in 1993 (Guilleminault et al., 1993). The description of UARS brought the attention of clinicians to a group of patients that was left undiagnosed and untreated despite severe impairment. The authors indicated that they had to identify this clinical entity as many had been denied proper treatment based on subjects’ symptoms and polysomnographic (PSG) features that differ from those of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). However, controversies exist regarding UARS. Some have rejected it as a distinct clinical entity or even doubted its existence (Douglas, 2000). In the past few years, however, there has been greater acceptance of this entity, and review articles have been published on UARS in general (Exar and Collop, 1999) and in children (Guilleminault and Khramtsov, 2001). Since the first description of a polygraphic pattern called obstructive sleep apnea in the pickwickian syndrome in 1965 (Gastaut et al., 1965; Jung and Kuhlo, 1965), sleep medicine has undergone an evolution. UARS was introduced as part of the efforts to describe a generally unrecognized patient population that is nonobese and whose clinical features do not match those reported with OSAS. Unfortunately, many sleep-breathing abnormalities are still ignored due to the belief that sleepdisordered breathing is synonymous with OSAS and that patients must be overweight or clearly obese. Such limited views have already led to the underdiagnosis and undertreatment of OSAS in women, “the forgotten gender” (Guilleminault et al., 1995). With the use of new techniques, such as the esophageal catheter for esophageal pressure (Pes) measurement (Flemale et al.,
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Handbook of clinical neurology
دوره 98 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2011