Encoding Processes, Rehearsal, and Recall Requirements
نویسنده
چکیده
Retention after rapid overt rehearsal was assessed in two experiments. In the first, 20-word lists were presented as four sets of five words alternating with delay intervals. Recall of items from terminal serial positions was higher when delays were either silent or filled with overt rehearsal than when delays were filled with number subtraction. However, overt rehearsal produced the poorest recall of items from early serial positions. Results of a second experiment showed that overt rehearsal did not enhance performance on either a delayed recall or a delayed recognition test. Rehearsal is less effective than other techniques of study and may be totally ineffective unless it is accompanied by additional processing.
منابع مشابه
Levels of Processing in Working Memory: Differential Involvement of Frontotemporal Networks
How does the brain maintain to-be-remembered information in working memory (WM), particularly when the focus of attention is drawn to processing other information? Cognitive models of WM propose that when items are displaced from focal attention recall involves retrieval from long-term memory (LTM). In this fMRI study, we tried to clarify the role of LTM in performance on a WM task and the type...
متن کاملRehearsal development as development of iterative recall processes
Although much is known about the critical importance of active verbal rehearsal for successful recall, knowledge about the mechanisms of rehearsal and their respective development in children is very limited. To be able to rehearse several items together, these items have to be available, or, if presented and rehearsed previously, retrieved from memory. Therefore, joint rehearsal of several ite...
متن کاملTHE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2000, 53A (3), 666±670 Memory-search and rehearsal processes andtheword lengtheffect in immediate recall: A synthesis in reply to Service
Wewould like to begin by offering a new theoretical account of the duration-based part of the word length effect, inspired partly by the recent literature and partly by Service’s comments (this issue). Baddeley (1986) suggested that recall depends on the speed of a covert verbal rehearsal process. Cowan and colleagues have argued that it may, but that recall also depends on the speed of some so...
متن کاملNeural correlates of the spacing effect in explicit verbal semantic encoding support the deficient-processing theory.
Spaced presentations of to-be-learned items during encoding leads to superior long-term retention over massed presentations. Despite over a century of research, the psychological and neural basis of this spacing effect however is still under investigation. To test the hypotheses that the spacing effect results either from reduction in encoding-related verbal maintenance rehearsal in massed rela...
متن کاملEncoding strategy changes and spacing effects in the free recall of unmixed lists
Memory for repeated items often improves when repetitions are separated by other items—a phenomenon called the spacing effect. In two experiments, we explored the complex interaction between study strategies, serial position, and spacing effects. When people studied several unmixed lists, they initially used mainly rote rehearsal, but some people eventually adopted relational encoding strategie...
متن کامل