Shifting entropy elsewhere
نویسنده
چکیده
Ultracold atoms are still too hot. This may seem a ridiculous claim—after all, the low-temperature exploits of the purveyors of quantum gases are notorious. Laser cooling can flash-freeze atoms to temperatures in the microand nanokelvin range. In the mid 1990s, researchers followed this with evaporative cooling of atoms out of shallow traps and made the first gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates appear at temperatures of 20 nK[1]. With slow and careful cooling by decompression, quantum gases have plummeted to as low as 500 pK[2].
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