Decomposition of S1-valued maps in Sobolev spaces
نویسنده
چکیده
Let n ≥ 2, s > 0, p ≥ 1 be such that 1 ≤ sp < 2. We prove that for each map u ∈W s,p(Sn;S1) one can find φ ∈ W s,p(Sn;R) and v ∈ W sp,1(Sn;S1) such that u = ve. This yields a decomposition of u into a part that has a lifting in W , e, and a map "smoother" than u but without lifting, namely v. Our result generalizes a previous one of Bourgain and Brezis (which corresponds to the case s = 1/2, p = 2). As a consequence, we find an intuitive proof for the existence of the distributional Jacobian Ju of maps u ∈ W s,p(Sn;S1) (originally due to Bourgain, Brezis and the author). By completing a result of Bousquet, we characterize the distributions of the form Ju. Résumé Décomposition des applications unimodulaires dans les espaces de Sobolev. Soient n ≥ 2, s > 0, p ≥ 1 tels que 1 ≤ sp < 2. Nous montrons que, pour chaque u ∈ W s,p(Sn;S1), il existe φ ∈ W s,p(Sn;R) et v ∈ W sp,1(Sn;S1) tels que u = ve. Ceci donne une décomposition de u comme produit d’un facteur qui se relève dans W , e, et d’un facteur "plus régulier" que u mais qui ne se relève pas, à savoir v. Notre décomposition généralise un résultat antérieur de Bourgain et Brezis (qui ont traité le cas s = 1/2, p = 2). Une conséquence de notre résultat est une preuve intuitive de l’existence du jacobien au sens des distributions Ju pour les applications u ∈ W s,p(Sn;S1) (résultat dû, avec un argument différent, à Bourgain, Brezis et l’auteur). En complétant un résultat de Bousquet, nous caractérisons les distributions de la forme Ju. 1 Decomposition of S1-valued maps Our main result is the following Theorem 1 Let n ≥ 2, s > 0, p ≥ 1 be such that 1 ≤ sp < 2. Let u ∈ W s,p(Sn;S1). Then there exist φ ∈W s,p(Sn;R) and v ∈W sp,1(Sn;S1) such that u = veıφ. In addition, we have (with ∣⋅∣W r,q standing for the semi-norm given by the highest order term in ∥⋅∥W r,q) ∣φ∣W s,p ≲ ∣u∣W s,p , ∣v∣W sp,1 ≲ ∣u∣pW s,p . (1) The special case s = 1/2, p = 2 of Theorem 1 is due to Bourgain and Brezis [4]. (In [4], u is supposed to be in the H1/2-closure of C∞(Sn;S1). This extra assumption was removed in [6].) In Theorem 1, Sn does not play special role; one could replace, e. g., Sn by any smooth bounded simply connected domain. Theorem 1 yields a satisfactory substitute to the lifting theory in W s,p(Sn;S1), theory Université de Lyon ; CNRS ; Université Lyon 1 ; Institut Camille Jordan, 43 blvd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne-Cedex, France. Email address: [email protected] 1 ha l-0 07 47 67 7, v er si on 1 31 O ct 2 01 2 Author manuscript, published in "Comptes Rendus de l Académie des Sciences Series I Mathematics 348, 13-14 (2010) 743-746" DOI : 10.1016/j.crma.2010.06.020
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