Bacterial luciferase: bioluminescence emission using lumanzines as substrates
نویسندگان
چکیده
A C f E R I A L L U C I F E R A S E : B I O L U M I N E S C E N C E E M I S S I O N U S I N G L U M A Z I N E S A S S U B S T R A T E S P e t e r M a c h e r o u x a n d S a n d r o G h i s l a U n i v e r s i t y o f K o n s t a n z , F a c u l t y o f B i o l o g y , P . O . B o x 5 5 6 0 , D 7 8 4 3 4 K o n s t a n z , G e n n a n y J . W o o d l a n d H a s t i n g s H a r v a r d U n i v e r s i t y , T h e B i o l o g i c a l L a b o r a t o r i e s , 1 6 D i v i n i t y A v e n u e , C a m b r i d g e , M A 0 2 1 3 8 r I n t r o d u c t i o n I n t h e b a c t e r i a l l u c i f e r a s e r e a c t i o n r e d u c e d f l a v i n m o n o n u c l e o t i d e ( F M N H 2 ) s e r v e s a s a r e a c t a n t t o f o r m t h e f l a v i n 4 a h y d r o p e r o x i d e [ 1 , 2 ] , w h i c h , i n t u r n , r e a c t s w i t h a l o n g c h a i n a l d e h y d e t o y i e l d t h e e x c i t e d s t a t e [ 3 ] . L u c i f e r a s e c a n u s e v a r i o u s f l a v i n a n a l o g s i n t h e r e a c t i o n ; s u c h a n a l o g s m a y h a v e e f f e c t s o n t h e s p e c t r u m , k i n e t i c s a n d y i e l d o f l i g h t e m i s s i o n [ 4 , 5 , 6 ] . H o w e v e r , n o m o l e c u l e s o t h e r t h a n f l a v i n d e r i v a t i v e s h a v e b e e n f o u n d t o c a t a l y z e t h e e m i s s i o n o f l i g h t . W e r e p o r t h e r e t h a t t h e r e d u c e d f o n n s o f t e t r a h y d r o F M N ( 4 H F M N ) , w h i c h i s s t r u c t u r a l l y a n a l o g o u s t o F M N b u t c h e m i c a l l y a l u m a z i n e ( s e e s t r u c t u r e s i n s c h e m e 1 ) , a n d l u m a z i n e 8 r i b i t y l p h o s p h a t e , a r e a l s o c a p a b l e o f a c t i n g a s s u b s t r a t e s i n t h e l i g h t e m i t t i n g r e a c t i o n . R e s u l t s a n d D i s c u s s i o n r T h e r e i s a m a j o r d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n r e d u c e d f l a v i n , w h i c h i s t h e 1 , 5 d i h y d r o t a u t o m e r I ( S c h e m e 1 , 1 1 1 ) , a n d t h e p r o d u c t s o b t a i n e d u p o n 2 e r e d u c t i o n o f 8 s u b s t i t u t e d l u m a z i n e s I ( I V , V ) . W i t h t h e l a u e r t h e 7 , 8 t a u t o m e r ( V ) i s t h e m o r e s t a b l e f o n n t h e n n o d y n a m i c a l l y [ 7 ] , . b u t l u c i f e r a s e f r o m V i b r i o h a r v e y i e v i d e n t l y b i n d s b o t h , s i n c e t h e p r o t e i n f r a c t i o n a f t e r G 2 5 g e l f i l t r a t i o n h a s s p e c t r a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s i n d i c a t i v e o f a m i x t u r e o f t h e t w o ( F i g u r e 1 , c u r v e A ) . U p o n s t a n d i n g a t 4 ° C ( a n d f i n a l w a r m i n g a t 2 5 ° C ) , t h e s p e c t r u m c h a n g e s t o t h a t s h o w n i n c u r v e B , w i t h i s o s b e s t i c p o i n t s a t 3 5 8 a n d 5 0 5 n m . F u r t h e r s p e c t r a l c h a n g e s o c c u r u p o n t r e a t m e n t o f t h e s a m p i e w i t h 2 % s o d i u m d o d e c y l s u l f a t e ( c u r v e C ) . T h e e x i s t e n c e o f a l u c i f e r a s e b o u n d h y d r o p ~ r o x y i n t e r m e d i a t e i s i n d i c a t e d b y t h e f a c t t h a t b i o l u m i n e s c e n c e o c c u r s u p o n t h e a d d i t i o n o f l o n g c h a i n a l d e h y d e t o t h e p r o t e i n f r a c t i o n F l a v i n s a n d F l a v o p r o t e i n s 1 9 9 3 © 1 9 9 4 W a l t e r d e G r u y t e r & C o . , B e r l i n . N e w Y o r k P r i n t e d i n G e r m a n y BACfERIAL LUCIFERASE: BIOLUMINESCENCE EMISSION
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