Analysis of horse genomes provides insight into the diversification and adaptive evolution of karyotype
نویسندگان
چکیده
Karyotypic diversification is more prominent in Equus species than in other mammals. Here, using next generation sequencing technology, we generated and de novo assembled quality genomes sequences for a male wild horse (Przewalski's horse) and a male domestic horse (Mongolian horse), with about 93-fold and 91-fold coverage, respectively. Portion of Y chromosome from wild horse assemblies (3 M bp) and Mongolian horse (2 M bp) were also sequenced and de novo assembled. We confirmed a Robertsonian translocation event through the wild horse's chromosomes 23 and 24, which contained sequences that were highly homologous with those on the domestic horse's chromosome 5. The four main types of rearrangement, insertion of unknown origin, inserted duplication, inversion, and relocation, are not evenly distributed on all the chromosomes, and some chromosomes, such as the X chromosome, contain more rearrangements than others, and the number of inversions is far less than the number of insertions and relocations in the horse genome. Furthermore, we discovered the percentages of LINE_L1 and LTR_ERV1 are significantly increased in rearrangement regions. The analysis results of the two representative Equus species genomes improved our knowledge of Equus chromosome rearrangement and karyotype evolution.
منابع مشابه
Karyotypic Study and Chromosome Evolution in Some Iranian Local Onion Populations
Abstract A karyotypic study was performed on 12 Iranian local onion (Allium cepa L.) populations. A number of mitotic cells at metaphase stage for each population were prepared. Chromosomes of suitable mitotic cells were counted and various parameters, including long arm (L), short arm (S), total length of chromosome (TL), relative length of chromosome (RL), arm ratio (AR), r-value, total chro...
متن کاملThe Natural Variation in Six Populations of Calendula officinalis L.: A Karyotype Study
In the current investigation, karyotype analysis and chromosome characteristics of six populations of Calendula officinalis L.(pot marigold) from Iran are studied. Results showed that all populations were diploid (2n= 2x= 32), and had symmetrical karyotypes composing mainly of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. The mean chromosome length ranged from 1.05 in Karaj to 1.50 μm in...
متن کاملInsight into the Karyotype Evolution of Brachypodium Species Using Comparative Chromosome Barcoding
Paleogenomic studies based on bioinformatic analyses of DNA sequences have enabled unprecedented insight into the evolution of grass genomes. They have revealed that nested chromosome fusions played an important role in the divergence of modern grasses. Nowadays, studies on karyotype evolution based on the sequence analysis can also be effectively complemented by the fine-scale cytomolecular ap...
متن کاملThe evolution of marsupial and monotreme chromosomes.
Marsupial and monotreme mammals fill an important gap in vertebrate phylogeny between reptile-mammal divergence 310 million years ago (mya) and the eutherian (placental) mammal radiation 105 mya. They possess many unique features including their distinctive chromosomes, which in marsupials are typically very large and well conserved between species. In contrast, monotreme genomes are divided in...
متن کاملA First Glimpse of Wild Lupin Karyotype Variation As Revealed by Comparative Cytogenetic Mapping
Insight into plant genomes at the cytomolecular level provides useful information about their karyotype structure, enabling inferences about taxonomic relationships and evolutionary origins. The Old World lupins (OWL) demonstrate a high level of genomic diversification involving variation in chromosome numbers (2n = 32-52), basic chromosome numbers (x = 5-7, 9, 13) and in nuclear genome size (2...
متن کامل