Targeting HIV Beyond Protease and Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

smaller pieces of DNA via recombination, or as modula-opportunistic infections and malignancies in male homosexuals heralded the onset of the AIDS epidemic. The tors of gene expression through methylation of cis-acting transcriptional regulatory elements. Like some other subsequent identification of human immunodeficiency virus as the etiologic agent of AIDS led quickly to a infamous mucosal pathogens (H. influenzae and Neisse-ria spp), H. pylori uses slipped-strand mispairing to spur search for agents capable of inhibiting viral replication and restoring immune function. Since the first report its adaptive evolution within its host niche: the resulting frame-shift mutations act as switches to turn production of successful pharmacologic impact on HIV-1 disease progression in 1987, fifteen drugs belonging to three of proteins on or off. There is extensive discussion of how variation in gene content in the organism's cag separate classes (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibi-tors [NRTI's], non-nucleoside RT inhibitors [NNRTI's], pathogenicity island (and the PAI's type IV secretion system) are intimately linked to host responses. and protease inhibitors [PI's]) have been approved for treatment of HIV-1 infection by the US Food and Drug The editors note in their preface that they wanted to create a book that " would summarize and review Administration, and over a dozen more are currently in development. The use of these agents has dramatically the accumulated knowledge on this important human pathogen. " They have succeeded. In 2004, exactly changed the clinical course of HIV-1 infection for those fortunate enough to have access (Palella et al., N. Engl. twenty years will have elapsed since the " big gulp. " The chances of making major advances in our understanding At the same time, this rapidly evolving field and the need to keep abreast of the biology of this microorganism and the determinants of its host relationships could not be brighter. DNA mi-new developments represents a growing challenge to croarrays containing more than 98% of the known ORFs clinicians and researcher alike. of the two sequenced strains are now available for whole Antiretroviral Therapy summarizes much of the prog-genome genotyping of clinical isolates (Salama et al., ress that has been made in the development of antiret-roviral therapeutic agents. Edited by Erik De Clercq, who dertaking a comprehensive screen for the presence or also coauthored several of the chapters, this book offers absence of bacterial genes in strains taken from defined a broad overview of each of the different classes of patient …