An investigation into the relationship between music preference , personality and psychological wellbeing

................................................................................................................VII 
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................3 MUSIC...............................................................................................................................................................................3 MUSIC
PREFERENCE......................................................................................................................................................5 SOCIAL
IDENTITY
THEORY ........................................................................................................................................ 10 PERSONALITY .............................................................................................................................................................. 12 COPING.......................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Self­Esteem................................................................................................................................................................ 17 Depression
and
Mood ........................................................................................................................................... 20 OPERATIONAL
DEFINITIONS..................................................................................................................................... 22 Music
Preference .................................................................................................................................................... 22 Personality ................................................................................................................................................................ 24 Self­esteem ................................................................................................................................................................ 25 Anxiety
and
Depression ....................................................................................................................................... 26 METHOD ............................................................................................................................28 PARTICIPANTS ............................................................................................................................................................. 28 SCALES .......................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Rosenberg
Self­Esteem
Scale............................................................................................................................. 28 Depression,
Anxiety,
Stress
Scale
­
21............................................................................................................ 28 Self­Attributes
Questionnaire ........................................................................................................................... 29 Self­Liking/Self­Competence
Scale
–
Revised ............................................................................................ 29 Ten­Item
Personality
Inventory....................................................................................................................... 30 Short
Test
Of
Music
Preference
–
New
Zealand ........................................................................................ 31 PROCEDURE ................................................................................................................................................................. 32 ANALYSIS...................................................................................................................................................................... 32 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................35 DEPRESSION,
ANXIETY,
AND
STRESS
SCALE

–
21
SCORES................................................................................. 35 ROSENBERG
SELF
–
ESTEEM
SCALE
SCORES ......................................................................................................... 37 SELF
–
ATTRIBUTES
QUESTIONNAIRE
SCORES ..................................................................................................... 37 SELF‐LIKING/SELF‐COMPETENCY
SCALE
–
REVISED
SCORES........................................................................... 38 TEN‐ITEM
PERSONALITY
INVENTORY
SCORES ..................................................................................................... 41 SHORT
TEST
OF
MUSIC
PREFERENCE
–
NEW
ZEALAND...................................................................................... 41 GENDER
AND
AGE
EFFECTS ...................................................................................................................................... 42 Association
between
gender
and
psychological
wellbeing.................................................................. 42 Association
between
gender
and
personality ............................................................................................ 43 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESES ........................................................................................................................................... 43 Hypothesis
One:
That
music
preference,
as
an
aspect
of
social
identity,
will
display
a
 correlation
with
self­esteem
scores................................................................................................................ 43 Hypothesis
Two:
There
will
be
a
relationship
between
music
preference
and
personality
 traits. ........................................................................................................................................................................... 44 Hypothesis
Three:
There
will
be
an
association
between
psychological
wellbeing
and
 music
preference .................................................................................................................................................... 47 Total
Music
Preference
and
Psychological
Wellbeing
Variables ....................................................................................50 DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................................52 SOCIAL
IDENTITY
THEORY ........................................................................................................................................ 52 RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN
MUSIC
PREFERENCE
AND
PERSONALITY................................................................... 52 Music
Preference
and
Conscientiousness..................................................................................................... 53 Music
Preference
and
Extraversion ............................................................................................................... 53 Music
Preference
and
Openness ...................................................................................................................... 54 Music
Preference,
Agreeableness
and
Emotional
Stability.................................................................. 54 CORRELATION
BETWEEN
PSYCHOLOGICAL
WELLBEING
AND
MUSIC
PREFERENCE......................................... 55 LIMITATIONS................................................................................................................................................................ 57 FUTURE
RESEARCH .................................................................................................................................................... 58 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................................................ 59 REFERENCES....................................................................................................................60 APPENDIX A:.....................................................................................................................77 APPENDIX B: .....................................................................................................................82 APPENDIX C:.....................................................................................................................85 APPENDIX D ......................................................................................................................87 APPENDIX E: .....................................................................................................................90 APPENDIX F: .....................................................................................................................92 APPENDIX G......................................................................................................................94 APPENDIX H:.....................................................................................................................95 APPENDIX I: ......................................................................................................................97