Development and Validation of a Finite Element Dummy Model for Aerospace and Spaceflight Safety Applications

sensitivity analysis. ABSTRACT Anthropometric test devices (ATDs), commonly referred to as crash test dummies, are tools used to conduct aerospace and spaceflight safety evaluations. Finite element (FE) analysis provides an effective complement to these evaluations. In this work a FE model of the Test Device for Human Occupant Restraint (THOR) dummy was developed, calibrated, and validated for use in aerospace and spaceflight impact analysis. A previously developed THOR FE model was first evaluated under spinal loading. The FE model was then updated to reflect recent updates made to the THOR dummy. A novel calibration methodology was developed to improve both kinematic and kinetic responses of the updated model in various THOR dummy certification tests. The updated THOR FE model was then calibrated and validated under spaceflight loading conditions and used to asses THOR dummy biofidelity. Results demonstrate that the FE model performs well under spinal loading and predicts injury criteria values close to those recorded in testing. Material parameter optimization of the updated model was shown to greatly improve its response. The validated THOR-FE model indicated good dummy biofidelity relative to human volunteer data under spinal loading, but limited biofidelity under frontal loading. The calibration methodology developed in this work is proven as an effective tool for improving dummy model response. Results shown by the dummy model developed in this study recommends its use in future aerospace and spaceflight impact simulations. In addition the biofidelity analysis suggests future improvements to the THOR dummy for spaceflight and aerospace analysis. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my advisor, Costin Untaroiu for his continual guidance and support. I would like to thank my committee members, Annett for their insight and help in completing this work. I would like to thank Jeff Somers of Wyle Laboratories his valuable support throughout this work. I am indebted to all the members of the Virginia Tech Center for Injury Biomechanics for sharing their knowledge and expertise with me. Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends for all of their guidance and support throughout the years. iv ATRIBUTION Several colleagues aided in the writing and research behind chapters presented as part of this dissertation. A brief description of their contribution is included here. Group), is currently a project engineer at Wyle laboratories. Mr. Somers was a co-author on this paper and helped conduct the physical tests used in the study.