Psychological Theories of Prejudice and Discrimination
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چکیده
Social perception involves the development of an attitude towards another person or group of persons. A stereotype is an attitude towards a person or group on the basis of some physical characteristic or physical fact. A stereotype is an example of an implicit personality theory. Such theories attribute internal properties to a person, such as character traits, on the basis of external properties. In a stereotype this attribution is based on a physical external property, such as skin colour. Other implicit theories base attributions on, for example, behaviour. For example, a person could implicit argue about a person, “he is loitering about, therefore, he is deliquent”. However, a person does not have to be conscious of making the inference. A group stereotype makes an attribution to a whole group. An anti-semitic person might argue, “all Jews love money” – it is not an attribution about a particular Jew, but about all Jews in general. An individual stereotype passes a judgement on an individual. Making an attribution means making a judgement about someone – that judgement could be about a whole group, or about an individual.
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