Optimization of Optical Absorption of Colloids of SiO2@Au and Fe3O4@Au Nanoparticles with Constraints

We study the optical response of monodisperse colloids of core-shell plasmonic nanoparticles and introduce a computational approach to optimize absorption for photothermal applications that require dilute colloids of non-interacting particles with a prescribed volume fraction. Since the volume fraction is held constant, the particle concentration is size-dependent. Optimization is achieved by comparing the absorption spectra of colloids as a function of particle size and structure. We demonstrate the approach via application to colloids of core-shell SiO2@Au and Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles with particle sizes that range from 5-100 nm and with the incident wavelength varying from 600-1200 nm. The absorption spectra are predicted using Mie theory and the analysis shows that there is a unique mix of parameters (core radius, shell thickness, wavelength) that maximize absorption, independent of the value of volume fraction. We show that lossy Fe3O4 cores produce a much broader absorption peak with much less sensitivity to variations in particle structure and wavelength than lossless SiO2 cores. This approach can be readily adapted to colloids of nanoparticles with arbitrary materials, shapes and structure using appropriate numerical methods to compute the absorption spectra. As such, it is useful for the rational design of colloids and process variables for a broad range of photothermal applications.