Impact of Non-Pulmonary Visceral Metastases in the Prognosis and Practice of Metastatic Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
نویسندگان
چکیده
Non-pulmonary visceral metastases, in bones, brain and liver, represent nearly the 10% of metastatic sites of advanced germ cell tumors and are associated with poor prognosis. This review article summarizes major evidences on the impact of different visceral sites on the prognosis, treatment and clinical outcome of patients with germ cell tumors. The clinic-biological mechanisms by which these metastatic sites are associated with poor clinical outcome remain unclear. The multimodality treatment showed a potential better survival, in particular in patients with relapsed disease. Patients with advanced germ cell tumors with visceral metastases should be referred to centers with high expertise in the clinical management of such disease.
منابع مشابه
فراوانی بروز مارکر گلیپیکان 3 (GPC3) در تومورهای سلول زایای بیضه
Background and purpose: Germ cell tumor is the most common malignancy of men between 15-34 years of age. Proper treatment is highly dependent on accurate histologic diagnosis, and different markers such as cytokeratin, CD3, GPC3 and etc. were proposed. It was reported that GPC3 is over expressed in testicular germ cell tumors by micro array assay. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expre...
متن کاملSurvival of Children with Germ Cell Tumors in Ali Asghar Hospital since 1990 to 2003
Background and Objective: Germ cell tumor (GCT) accounts for approximately 2-3% of all malignancies in children. In this respect, about 20% of patients with GCT are still resistant to therapy. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional strategy of this survey was undertaken on 57 patients with germ cell ...
متن کاملPrognostic value of programmed-death-1 receptor (PD-1) and its ligand 1 (PD-L1) in testicular germ cell tumors.
BACKGROUND Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) belong to the most chemosensitive solid tumors; however, a small proportion of patients fail to be cured with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 pathways represent a new class of promising drugs in anticancer therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate expression and prognostic value of PD-1 and PD-L1 in TGCTs. PATIENTS AND...
متن کاملبررسی فراوانی 20 ساله تومورهای تخمدان در بیمارستان دکتر شریعتی و توزیع سنی آنها
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of ovarian tumors over a 20-year period and the age distribution of these tumors. A retrospective study was performed on ovarian tumors which were diagnosed in Shariati Hospital between 1976-1995, and had pathologic report. Frequency and age distribution of tumors were then evaluated. Of 493 evaluated ovarian neoplasia...
متن کاملA Literature Review and Case Report of Metastatic Pure Choriocarcinoma
In 2012, testicular cancer was estimated to account for 940 disability adjusted life years in Australia; of these, 450 were years lost due to premature death and 500 were years of healthy life lost due to disease, disability, or injury (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare and Australasian Association of Cancer Registries, 2012). Testicular choriocarcinoma is one of the rarest variants of...
متن کامل