Advances in the Detection of Genetic Diversity in Bread Wheat (Triticum aevestivum L.) Using SDS-PAGE Analysis

Wheat is the most essential food crop and taxonomically belongs to family poaceae. Bread wheat is a Hexapliod species with 2n=6x=42 chromosomes having high genetic diversity, the genetic variation enables plant species to adapt to changing environments and provide resistance against different diseases. The scientists are highly interested to study the genetic diversity among wheat varieties morphologically (plant height, tiller number, spikes number, main ear length, spike lets number, grain number, grain weight, seed hardness, sedimentation value, and grain yield etc) biochemically (phenol color reaction and through different other chemical substance) and at molecular level (protein content, RNA and DNA variation). It has been revealed that morphological and biochemical variations are correlated to environmental condition (stress and favorable condition). The simple SDS-PAGE (Sodium dodecyl sulfate -polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) method was adopted to show genetic variation in wheat which helps in classification and making a dendrogam with different cluster groups, that is vital for both plant breeder and germplasm curators. The high molecular weight-gultenin subunits (HMW-GS) and low molecular weight-gultenin subunit (LMW-GS) were analazyed through SDS-PAGE techniques. The variation in glutenin subunits was due to different allelic combination in various loci in different chromomes the glutein have important baking qualities. This study was aim to collect information related to wheat genetic diversity and the use of SDS-PAGE study of wheat endosperms protein that is valuable for assessment of genetic variability and cultivars identification that help in wheat breeder programs.