Protein phosphorylation in regulation of photosynthesis.

II. Phosphoproteins of chloroplast thylakoid membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 A. Light-harvesting chlorophyll a / b protein complex (LHC II) 279 1. Structure and function of LHC II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 2. Functional effects of LHC II phosphorylation on excitation energy distribution. . . . . . . . . . . 281 Fluorescence spectra ,.............................. 281 PS I antenna size 282 Enhancement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 Spillover and absorption cross-section (Part I: chloroplasts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 PS II heterogeneity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 3. Redox control at the level of plastoquinone 285 4. Light-state transitions in green plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 5. Regulation of photophosphorylation and assimilatory metabolism 289 6. Lateral heterogeneity and mobility of phospho-LHC II 290 7. Function and relative mobility of LHC II isomers 292 8. Phosphate group donors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 B. The psbH gene product or 9 kDa phosphoprotein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 1. Occurrence, location and regulation of phosphorylation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 2. Sequence determination, phosphorylation site and distribution of psbll genes. . . . . . . . . . . 294 3. What is its function in Photosystem II? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 C. Other phosphoproteins of chloroplast thylakoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 1. CP 43 of the PS II core antenna system " ,....... 296 2. The reaction centre proteins Dl and D2 , , 297 3. Others. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 D. The thylakoid kinase-phosphatase system ... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 1. The site of redox control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 2. The LHC II kinase , . . . . 300 3. The LHC II phosphatase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 4. How many kinases and phosphatases do we need? 303 Observations appearing to support a single thylakoid protein kinase: 303 Observations appearing to support multiple thylakoid protein kinases: 304 Comment on kinasets): , . 304 Observations appearing to support a single thylakoid protein phosphatase: . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Observations appearing to support multiple thylakoid protein phosphatases: . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Comments on phosphatasets): .. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 General comment: 304