Zippier ZMap: Internet-Wide Scanning at 10 Gbps
نویسندگان
چکیده
We introduce optimizations to the ZMap network scanner that achieve a 10-fold increase in maximum scan rate. By parallelizing address generation, introducing an improved blacklisting algorithm, and using zero-copy NIC access, we drive ZMap to nearly the maximum throughput of 10 gigabit Ethernet, almost 15 million probes per second. With these changes, ZMap can comprehensively scan for a single TCP port across the entire public IPv4 address space in 4.5 minutes given adequate upstream bandwidth. We consider the implications of such rapid scanning for both defenders and attackers, and we briefly discuss a range of potential applications.
منابع مشابه
ZMap: Fast Internet-wide Scanning and Its Security Applications
Internet-wide network scanning has numerous security applications, including exposing new vulnerabilities and tracking the adoption of defensive mechanisms, but probing the entire public address space with existing tools is both difficult and slow. We introduce ZMap, a modular, open-source network scanner specifically architected to perform Internet-wide scans and capable of surveying the entir...
متن کاملInternet-wide Scanning Taxonomy and Framework
Industrial control systems (ICS) have been moving from dedicated communications to switched and routed corporate networks, making it probable that these devices are being exposed to the Internet. Many ICS have been designed with poor or little security features, making them vulnerable to potential attack. Recently, several tools have been developed that can scan the internet, including ZMap, Ma...
متن کاملBeyond Internet Scanning: Banner Processing for Passive Software Vulnerability Assessment
Nowadays, the increasing number of devices and services that require a direct Internet access, creates new security challenges. These challenges need to meet user feature-based requirements with the companies’ restrictive security policies. Therefore, security administrators need to adopt novel tools in order to quickly and non-intrusively verify the degree of exposure of Internet-facing servic...
متن کاملEnumerating Active IPv6 Hosts for Large-scale Security Scans via DNSSEC-signed Reverse Zones
Security research has made extensive use of exhaustive Internet-wide scans over the recent years, as they can provide significant insights into the overall state of security of the Internet, and ZMap made scanning the entire IPv4 address space practical. However, the IPv4 address space is exhausted, and a switch to IPv6, the only accepted long-term solution, is inevitable. In turn, to better un...
متن کاملComparison of the Charges of 10 Selected Surgeries in Imam Reza Hospital with their Official Global Prices
Background: This descriptive, analytic study aimed to compare the costs of 10 types of Global Budget Payment System (GBPS) surgery in Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad City, Iran, in 2016 with the prices in the GBPS. Methods: From hospital-discharge data and patients’ bills, we identified 10 types of GBPS surgeries performed in Imam Reza hospital. The patients were grouped according to the surgical...
متن کامل