Trade , Development , and the Political Economy of Public Standards Johan

This paper presents a political economy model of public standards in an open economy model. We use the model to derive the political optimum and to analyze different factors that have an influence on this political equilibrium. The paper discusses how the level of development influences the political equilibrium. We also analyze the relation between trade and the political equilibrium and compare this political outcome with the social optimum to identify under which cases ‘under-standardization’ or ‘over-standardization’ results, and which standards can be labeled as (producer)protectionist measures. The authors gratefully acknowledge useful comments from Gerald Willmann, Jim Vercammen, Frank van Tongeren, Jo Reynaerts, and Frans Spinnewyn. This research was financially support by Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) and the K.U.Leuven Research Fund (EF).