Sarcoidosis: imaging features
نویسنده
چکیده
Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology that shows multisystemic involvement and that is predominantly seen in young and middle-aged patients, with a slightly higher prevalence in females [1]. The histological hallmark of sarcoidosis is noncaseating granulomas with proliferation of epitheloid cells [2]. Although the disorder is multisystemic, pulmonary manifestations typically dominate. Chest radiographs are abnormal in 90–95% of patients with bilateral hilar adenopathy as the most common radiological finding [1, 3]. Although cough and dyspnoea may be present in patients with thoracic involvement, 30–60% of the patients are asymptomatic making the findings on the chest radiograph incidental. The initial manifestation of the disease can also be related to the involvement of structures outside the chest [1, 3, 4]. Although skin and ocular lesions are most common, the liver, spleen, parotid glands, central nervous system (CNS), genitourinary system, and the bones and muscles may also be involved. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is commonly established on the basis of clinical and radiological findings supported by histological findings. Thoracic involvement is often easily recognised on a chest radiograph when hilar adenopathy is present (fig. 1). However, although probably not necessary in every patient, computed tomography (CT) and High-resolution CT (HRCT) can play an important role in the diagnosis and staging
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