Evolution of Graphic Symbols for Cardiovascular Sounds and Murmurs.

نویسنده

  • H N Segall
چکیده

Graphic symbols for heart sounds and murmurs first appeared in 1861 in an article entitled A Short Account of Cardiac Murmurs, by William Tennant Gairdner. Laennec (1837), who first explored auscultation as a clinical diagnostic method, discovered a vast number of new facts which called for precise description. With faith in the rich vocabulary of his native language, aided by his good knowledge of Latin and Greek, he used words of language to describe what he heard. Whenever possible, he chose onomatopeic words, such as souffiet, claquement, crie de cuir, etc. On one occasion, in 1824, he resorted to musical notation to assist words in describing the rhythm of a venous hum heard in the supraand infra-clavicular regions of a lady who showed also signs of pulmonary phthisis in the following words: " En explorant la region sous-claviere droite, j'entendis un bruit de soufflet mediocrement intense. Je voulus voir s'il n'existait pas aussi dans la carotide du meme cote. Je fus etrangement surpris d'entendre, au lieu du bruit de souffiet, le son d'un instrument de musique executant un chant assez monotone, mais fort distinct et susceptible d'etre note. Je crus d'abord que l'on faisait de la musique dans l'appartement situe au dessous de celui dans lequel nous etions. Je pretai l'oreille attentivement; je posai le stethoscope sur d'autres points: je n'entendis rien. Apres m'etre assure que le son se passait dans l'artere, j'etudiai le chant: il roulait sur trois notes formant 'a peu pres un intervalle d'une tierce majeure; la note la plus aigue etait.fausse et un peu trop basse, mais pas assez pour pouvoir etre marquee d'un bemol. Sous le rapport de la valeur ou duree, ces notes etaient assez egales entre elles: la tonique seule etait de temps en temps prolongee, et formait une tenue dont la valeur variat. Je notai en consequence ce chant ainsi qu'il suit:

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • British heart journal

دوره 24 1  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 1962