Handling the Evil Ring Attack on Localization and Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

The evil ring is an attack on the location determination algorithms of Garcia-Alfaro et al. When inquired, an attacker returns a fake location sitting on a circle centered at the victim’s location and with radius equal to the attacker-victim separation distance. The calculation of the distance between the victim and attacker is not affected. A location-unaware node correctly determines its location. The attack, however, misleads into getting and using wrong locations of neighbors.