Bacillus Calmette-Guerin cystitis after intravesical therapy.

نویسندگان

  • I Gerogianni
  • I Neonakis
  • E Petinaki
چکیده

Dear Editor, Since 1976 Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (an attenuated form of wild type Mycobacterium bovis; BCG) has been extensively used for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. It is a safe and well tolerated treatment with rare adverse events including allergic reactions, granoulomatous prostitidis or epididymo-orchitis, disseminated infection and BCG sepsis1. Although cystitis is not an uncommon adverse effect, isolation and identification of Mycobacterium bovis BCG as its causative agent is very rare, requiring molecular techniques2,3. A 61-yr-old male patient presented at our hospital with a fever of 39 oC and dysuria lasting for 5 days. All routine baseline examinations including urine culture for common bacteria were negative. By the time of admission the patient had not AIDS or any other immune deficiency. The patient had been treated fourteen months ago with intravesical BCG instillation following bladder cancer resection. He had received 4 rounds of treatment each one consisting of a weekly intravesical BCG injection for six weeks. No prophylactic isoniazid had been given during his BCG instillation treatment. The last round was 8 months prior to his admission to our hospital. Urine sample for acid-fast staining and mycobacterial cultures was obtained. It was treated according to standard procedures4. A Lowenstein–Jensen slant (bioMérieux, Marcy l’ Etoile, France) was used for solid culture and the BACTET MGIT 960 Automated System (Becton Dickinson Biosciences, Sparks, Md.) was used for liquid culture and susceptibility testing at 37oC. Acid-fast staining was negative. The liquid culture turned positive 8 days later [and the solid culture 12 days]. The isolate was identified as member of the M. tuberculosis complex with gene probes [AccuProbe (GenProbe, SanDiego, USA)]. Identification to the species level was achieved with GenoType MTBC (Hain Lifescience, Nehren, Germany), which is a DNA-strip assay for differentiating Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains. The procedure involves isolation of DNA from cultured material, multiplex amplification with biotinylated primers and reverse hybridization of the single-stranded, biotin-labeled amplicons to membrane-bound probes5. The assay was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions, using the reagents provided and Taq DNA polymerase (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). The isolate was identified as Mycobacterium bovis BCG. The isolate was sensitive to isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin and ethambutol and resistant to pyrazinamide. The patient was treated with cessation of BCG and triple anti-mycobacterial therapy consisting of rifampin, isoniazid, and ethambutol, for the first three months followed by isoniazid and rifampin for seven months. The patient had clinical improvement on this regimen, supporting the diagnosis. Urine cultures obtained after the second month of anti-mycobacterial therapy were negative for Mycobacterium bovis. Disseminated BCG infections after intravesical instillations are presenting as granulomatous hepatitis or pneumonitis and are very rare6. Rarer is the identification of M. bovis as the causative agent of these disseminated infections, feasible only with molecular techniques3. Cystitis due to M. bovis can occur after intravesical BCG instillations. Upon clinical suspicion the BCG therapy should be ceased and appropriate anti-mycobacterial regimen should be administered as soon as possible.

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin for treatment of refractory interstitial cystitis.

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in the treatment of refractory interstitial cystitis (IC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen patients with refractory IC were enrolled in the study. They were scheduled to receive 6 weekly courses of treatment with intravesical BCG. Variables including the frequency, nocturia,...

متن کامل

Symptoms of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Cystitis in Bladder Cancer Patients according to Tuberculosis Sequelae by Chest Radiography

Purpose: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination has been administered to most infants at birth in Korea; however, tuberculosis (TB) remains extant. TB can leave sequelae on chest radiography according to the immune response of the host. We investigated the symptoms of cystitis after intravesica instillations in bladder cancer, depending on the TB sequelae on chest radiography. Materials and...

متن کامل

Cutaneous granulomatous reaction post intravesical BCG installation: a case report

Intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) hasbecome an established adjuvant treatment for superficial bladdercarcinoma. This treatment is associated with a relatively high rateof side effects which are mostly reversible spontaneously or canbe treated symptomatically. Serious systemic side effects are lessfrequent. One of rare complications is gran...

متن کامل

Safety and efficacy of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillations in steroid treated and immunocompromised patients.

PURPOSE We assessed the safety and efficacy of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillations in steroid treated and immunocompromised patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 697 patients treated with bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillations at our institution from 1991 to 2004. In 24 patients (3.5%) an underlying comorbidity directly affecting the immune ...

متن کامل

Pancreatic and psoas abscesses as a late complication of intravesical administration of bacillus Calmette-Guerin for bladder cancer: a case report and review of the literature

INTRODUCTION Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a live attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis that has been used to treat urothelial carcinoma since 1976, and has been reported to eradicate disease in more than 70% of patients with in situ and stage I disease. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of disseminated bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection causing multiple abscesses af...

متن کامل

Granulomas of the penis: a rare complication of intravesical therapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin.

Immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin is widely used for treatment and prophylaxis of superficial urothelial cancer. Complications associated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin treatment are common. The authors describe a case of granulomatous inflammation of the penis associated with intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy, presenting with multiple erythematous and painless nodules loca...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:
  • Hippokratia

دوره 17 3  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2013