What can be done to reduce overconsumption?

Overconsumption of natural resources is frequently portrayed as a significant environmental threat. This paper addresses overconsumption from the individual level, discussing the problems associated with identifying overconsumption and identifying general approaches that can he used to reduce consumption. A behavioral approach to understanding resource consumption is presented, with the existing literature reviewed as it applies to this approach. Using this framework, we identify key issues requiring empirical attention and note the important contribution that ecologists, economists, and other behavioral scientists can make in research and intervention efforts aimed at reducing resource consumption. By discussing what is known to be effective in reducing consumption and some questions that remain unanswered, this review aims to assist researchers and those designing intervention programs in developing programs and policies that reflect the behavioral complexities associated with reducing resource consumption. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.