Specifi city of induced defenses , growth , and reproduction in lima bean ( Phaseolus lunatus ) in response to multispecies herbivory 1

Plants have evolved multiple strategies associated with the induction of mechanisms or traits in response to herbivore attack ( Fineblum and Rausher, 1995 ; Strauss and Agrawal, 1999 ; Núñez-Farf á n et al., 2007 ). On the one hand, following herbivore attack, plants can increase the production of chemical compounds or physical traits that drastically reduce herbivore damage ( Núñez-Farf á n et al., 2007 ; Agrawal, 2011 ). On the other hand, aft er herbivore damage, plants can mitigate the negative eff ects of herbivory by mechanisms of induced tolerance such as compensatory growth and reproduction, increased photosynthetic rates, and changes in nutrient allocation and uptake ( Strauss and Agrawal, 1999 ; Stowe et al., 2000 ; NúñezFarf á n et al., 2007 ; Fornoni, 2011 ; Moreira et al., 2012 ; Carmona and Fornoni, 2013 ). It is increasingly recognized that the nature of induced plant responses largely depends on the identity of the herbivore ( Agrawal, 2000 ; Van Zandt and Agrawal, 2004 ; Rasmann and Turlings, 2008 ; Bingham and Agrawal, 2010 ; Moreira et al., 2013 ). Recent investigations have shown that plants are able to recognize biotic stimuli (e.g., oviposition secretions and saliva) produced by diff erent herbivores, integrate the perceived information, and react accordingly in a highly specifi c manner ( Mithöfer and Boland, 2008 ). Th e specifi city 1 Manuscript received 2 June 2015; revision accepted 14 July 2015. 2 Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apdo. 28 36080 Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain; 3 Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autonoma de Yucat á n, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimn á , 97000 Mérida, Yucat á n, México; 4 Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Evolutive Entomology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; and 5 Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland 6 Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]), phone: +41 327183132, fax: +41 327183001 doi:10.3732/ajb.1500255 Specifi city of induced defenses, growth, and reproduction in lima bean ( Phaseolus lunatus ) in response to multispecies herbivory 1