Measurement Instruments for the Anthropomorphism, Animacy, Likeability, Perceived Intelligence, and Perceived Safety of Robots

This study emphasizes the need for standardized measurement tools for human robot interaction (HRI). If we are to make progress in this field then we must be able to compare the results from different studies. A literature review has been performed on the measurements of five key concepts in HRI: anthropomorphism, animacy, likeability, perceived intelligence, and perceived safety. The results have been distilled into five consistent questionnaires using semantic differential scales. We report reliability and validity indicators based on several empirical studies that used these questionnaires. It is our hope that these questionnaires can be used by robot developers to monitor their progress. Psychologists are invited to further develop the questionnaires by adding new concepts, and to conduct further validations where it appears necessary. C. Bartneck ( ) Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 Eindhoven, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] D. Kulić Nakamura & Yamane Lab, Department of Mechano-Informatics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan e-mail: [email protected] E. Croft · S. Zoghbi Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Room 2054, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada E. Croft e-mail: [email protected] S. Zoghbi e-mail: [email protected]