Abstract: Microsurgical Approach for Hemodialysis Access: Brescia–Cimino Fistula Reconstruction Using Microscope

Suday, O cber 8, 2017 were performed under general anesthesia using a double-lumen endotracheal tube to ensure selective deflation of the ipsilateral lung, trocar insertion, and creation of an artificial apical pneumothorax. Then, a specifically designed thoracoscope was inserted, and the second, third, and/or fourth thoracic sympathetic ganglia were severed by means of electrocautery. To assess the improvements in quality of life over time, a questionnaire was submitted to a randomized group of 77 patients treated with this minimally invasive technique. The questionnaire included specific questions concerning several psychological and clinical features.