Influenza virus circulation in Cambodia
نویسندگان
چکیده
Background The Cambodian National Influenza Center (NIC) was established in August 2006 for the purpose of documenting the dynamics of influenza disease and to virologically characterize the circulating strains. To continuously monitor influenza activity, a hospital-based sentinel surveillance system for ILI (influenza-like illness) with a weekly reporting and sampling scheme was initially established in five sites in 2006. In addition, hospitalbased surveillance of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) cases was established in 2 sites.
منابع مشابه
Molecular Epidemiology of Clade 1 Influenza A Viruses (H5N1), Southern Indochina Peninsula, 2004–2007
To determine the origin of influenza A virus (H5N1) epizootics in Cambodia, we used maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods to analyze the genetic sequences of subtype H5N1 strains from Cambodia and neighboring areas. Poultry movements, rather than repeated reintroduction of subtype H5N1 viruses by wild birds, appear to explain virus circulation and perpetuation.
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In Cambodia, influenza A(H5N1) virus surveillance at live poultry markets (LPMs) relies on virus isolation from poultry specimens; however, virus is rarely detected by this method. We tested 502 environmental LPM samples: 90 were positive by PCR, 10 by virus isolation. Virus circulation could be better monitored by environmental sampling of LPMs.
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Little is known about circulation of influenza and other respiratory viruses in remote populations along the Thai-Cambodia border in western Cambodia. We screened 586 outpatients (median age 5, range 1-77) presenting with influenza-like-illness (ILI) at 4 sentinel sites in western Cambodia between May 2010 and December 2012. Real-time reverse transcriptase (rRT) PCR for influenza was performed ...
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Longitudinal surveillance of 2 live bird markets in Cambodia revealed year-round, high co-circulation of H5, H7, and H9 influenza viruses. We detected influenza A viruses in 51.3% of ducks and 39.6% of chickens, and co-infections, mainly by H5 and H9 viruses, in 0.8% of ducks and 4.5% of chickens.
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Results All viruses isolated in Cambodia since 2004 belong to clade 1, genotype Z. Based on phylogenetic relationships, HPAI H5N1 virus was probably introduced from Thailand in 2004. In 2005 and 2006, several sublineages emerged in Cambodia and were probably the result of multiple introductions of H5N1 virus from Vietnam where similar strains were detected before outbreaks occurred in Cambodia....
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