Pythium Diseases , Control and Management Strategies : a Review
نویسنده
چکیده
Pythium species are morphologically polymorphic, physiologically unique and ecologically versatile, which make them significant both theoretically and practically. They are ubiquitous in soil and in water, distributed worldwide, and with very diverse host ranges. They include some of the most important and destructive plant pathogens, causing losses of seeds, pre-emergence and post-emergence damping-off, rots of seedlings, roots, basal stalks, decays of fruits and vegetables during cultivation, storage, transit or at the market, and cause serious damage of a wide variety of crops. The most aggressive species of Pythium that cause important plant diseases is P. aphanidermatum. It is a soil as well as seed born pathogen. The chemical fight and physical control of this fungal pathogen are very difficult to realize and in view of its broad host range, crop rotation also not completely control the pathogen. Moreover, use of chemicals to control the disease is also criticized throughout the world due to its detrimental effects on environment, as they are harmful for human and animal health as well as soil. Besides this, P. aphanidermatum became resistant to the common fungicides used against it. Eventually, it has forced scientist to find out the best alternatives to control this notorious pathogen. Hence here in this review paper the different control measures as well as use of plant extracts used against Pythium by researchers and many workers is summarized in brief.
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