Variation in adult life history and morphology among Lake Washington sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations in relation to habitat features and ancestral affinities
نویسندگان
چکیده
Body size, age composition, and male body depth were compared among five Lake Washington sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations. Two of the populations (Bear and Cottage creeks) were indigenous to the watershed and three (Cedar River, Issaquah Creek, and Pleasure Point) were non-native (from Baker Lake, Washington). To isolate the relative contributions of habitat type and ancestral relatedness to phenotypic variation, we compared populations with (i) the same origin and similar habitats, (ii) different origins and different habitats, (iii) the same origin and different habitats, and (iv) different origins and similar habitats. Spawning salmon in the Cedar River were older and larger than those in the native populations, a result consistent with their origin (contemporary Baker Lake fish were also large and old) and with habitat variation (the Cedar River is much larger than Bear and Cottage creeks). Body size and age composition did not differ among the three non-native populations, but the body depth of males spawning on the lake beach (Pleasure Point) was greater than that of males in the Cedar River, suggesting adaptive divergence. Adaptive convergence may also have occurred because the population in Issaquah Creek (intermediate-sized creek) did not differ appreciably from those in Bear and Cottage creeks. Résumé : La taille corporelle, la composition en âge et lØpaisseur corporelle des mâles ont ØtØ comparØes dans le cas de cinq populations de saumons sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) du lac Washington. Deux des populations sont indigŁnes (ruisseaux Bear et Cottage) au bassin hydrographique et trois (riviŁre Cedar, ruisseau Issaquah et Pleasure Point) ne sont pas indigŁnes (provenant du lac Baker, en Washington). Pour sØparer la contribution relative du type dhabitat et du lien de filiation à la variation phØnotypique, nous avons comparØ les populations ayant (i) des origines semblables et des habitats semblables, (ii) des origines diffØrentes et des habitats diffØrents, (iii) des origines semblables et des habitats diffØrents et enfin, (iv) des origines diffØrentes et des habitats semblables. Les saumons en frai dans la riviŁre Cedar Øtaient plus âgØs et plus gros que ceux des populations indigŁnes, rØsultats qui concordent avec leur origine (les poissons contemporains du lac Baker sont Øgalement plus gros et plus âgØs) et avec la variation de lhabitat (la riviŁre Cedar est beaucoup plus grande que les ruisseaux Bear et Cottage). La taille corporelle et la composition en âge nont pas diffØrØ de maniŁre statistiquement significative chez les trois populations non indigŁnes, mais lØpaisseur corporelle des mâles frayant sur la plage du lac (Pleasure Point) Øtait plus grande que celle des mâles de la riviŁre Cedar, ce qui indiquerait une divergence liØe à ladaptation. Une convergence adaptative peut Øgalement avoir eu lieu parce que la population du ruisseau Issaquah (ruisseau de taille intermØdiaire) na pas diffØrØ de maniŁre substantielle de celles des ruisseaux Bear et Cottage. [Traduit par la RØdaction]
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