Anatomical Evidence for a Direct Projection from Purkinje Cells in the Mouse Cerebellar Vermis to Medial Parabrachial Nucleus
نویسندگان
چکیده
Cerebellar malformations cause changes to the sleep-wake cycle, resulting in sleep disturbance. However, it is unclear how the cerebellum contributes to the sleep-wake cycle. To examine the neural connections between the cerebellum and the nuclei involved in the sleep-wake cycle, we investigated the axonal projections of Purkinje cells in the mouse posterior vermis by using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector (serotype rh10) as an anterograde tracer. When an AAV vector expressing humanized renilla green fluorescent protein was injected into the cerebellar lobule IX, hrGFP and synaptophysin double-positive axonal terminals were observed in the region of medial parabrachial nucleus (MPB). The MPB is involved in the phase transition from rapid eye movement (REM) sleep to Non-REM sleep and vice versa, and the cardiovascular and respiratory responses. The hrGFP-positive axons from lobule IX went through the ventral spinocerebellar tract and finally reached the MPB. By contrast, when the AAV vector was injected into cerebellar lobule VI, no hrGFP-positive axons were observed in the MPB. To examine neurons projecting to the MPB, we unilaterally injected Fast Blue and AAV vector (retrograde serotype, rAAV2-retro) as retrograde tracers into the MPB. The cerebellar Purkinje cells in lobules VIII-X on the ipsilateral side of the Fast Blue-injected MPB were retrogradely labeled by Fast Blue and AAV vector (retrograde serotype), but no retrograde-labeled Purkinje cells were observed in lobules VI-VII and the cerebellar hemispheres. These results indicated that Purkinje cells in lobules VIII-X directly project their axons to the ipsilateral MPB but not lobules VI-VII. The direct connection between lobules VIII-X and the MPB suggests that the cerebellum participates in the neural network controlling the sleep-wake cycle, and cardiovascular and respiratory responses, by modulating the physiological function of the MPB.
منابع مشابه
Brainstem projections to molecular layer heterotopia of the cerebellar vermis: Evidence from the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Database
Molecular layer heterotopia of the cerebellar vermis are a characteristic feature of C57BL/6 mice. Heterotopia consist of neurons and glia in the molecular layers between folia VIII and IX in regions lacking pia. Previously, we described the cellular composition of heterotopia which includes granule cells, Purkinje cells, Golgi cells, etc. However, the axonal constituents and afferent connectio...
متن کاملStereological Estimation of Granule Cell Number and Purkinje Cell Volume in the Cerebellum of Noise-Exposed Young Rat
In spite of the existing reports on behavioural and biochemical changes related to the cerebellum due to noise stress, not much is known about the effect of noise stress on the neuronal changes in the cerebellum. The present study aims at investigating the effects from one week noise exposure on granule cell number and Purkinje cell volume within the neonate rat cerebellum.15-day-old male Wista...
متن کاملEffects of Cadmium on Cellular and Subcellular Structures of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells in Four-Day Postnatal Developing Rat
Purpose: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Cd on cellular and subcellular aspects of cerebellar Purkinje cells in developing rats. Materials and methods: forty adult female Wistar rats served as subjects in this experiment. The animals were assigned randomly to four groups: control I, control II, experiment I and experiment II. The experiment group I and II were injected...
متن کاملEmbryonic development of the rat cerebellum. III. Regional differences in the time of origin, migration, and settling of Purkinje cells.
The time of origin, site of origin, migratory path and settling pattern of the Purkinje cells of the cerebellar hemispheres, anterior vermis, and posterior vermis were investigated in thymidine radiograms and plastic-embedded materials from rat embryos ranging in age from 15 to 22 days. In the hemispheres there is a rostral-to-caudal cytogenetic gradient: the Purkinje cells of lobulus simplex, ...
متن کاملP 17: Electrophysiological Effects of Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonist AM251 on Harmaline Toxicity in Rat’s Cerebellar Vermis Slices
Introduction: The Cannabinoid receptors (CBR) densities are high within the cerebellum. Cannabinoid receptors manipulations have been reported to cause altering the cerebellar functions. harmaline have immune-modulatory effects in several studies. i.e., significant anti-inflammatory effect via the inhibition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Endocannabino...
متن کامل