Validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the the EuroQOL (EQ-5D). A study from Saudi Arabia

Objectives The EuroQOL five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) is one of the most widely used tools to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Studies on the psychometric features of the EQ-5D in the Gulf region of the Middle East are lacking. This study is aimed at evaluating the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the EQ-5D in Saudi Arabia. Methods The study was done utilizing a convenience sample of Arabic-speaking adult patients or visitors at the outpatient clinic at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Riyadh during October-December 2015. Participants were interviewed using translated into Arabic versions of the EQ-5D and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Known-group construct validity of the EQ-5D and visual analog scale (EQ-VAS) was assessed through testing a number of hypotheses comparing responses to EQ-5D dimensions or EQ-VAS to SF-36 scores by dimension and external variables. Test-retest reliability was also assessed. Results Eighty subjects were included in the study. Mean ± standard deviartion age was 33.0 ± 11.6 years, with 51% of females. Responses to EQ-5D dimensions revealed that the proportion of respondents reporting problems ranged from 6% for problems with self-care to 48% for pain/discomfort. All of the five hypotheses linking EQ-5D responses to external variables were satisfied. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using Cohen's κ, which ranged from 0.53 to 1.00. Conclusion Validity and reliability of the Arabic EQ-5D were established for evaluating HRQOL in Saudi Arabia. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the validity and reliability of this standard tool in other Arabic-speaking countries with varying cultures.