Beyond Gibbs-Boltzmann-Shannon: general entropies—the Gibbs-Lorentzian example

*Correspondence: Rudolf A. Treumann, International Space Science Institute, Hallerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland e-mail: [email protected] We propose a generalization of Gibbs’ statistical mechanics into the domain of non-negligible phase space correlations. Derived are the probability distribution and entropy as a generalized ensemble average, replacing Gibbs-Boltzmann-Shannon’s entropy definition enabling construction of new forms of statistical mechanics. The general entropy may also be of importance in information theory and data analysis. Application to generalized Lorentzian phase space elements yields the Gibbs-Lorentzian power law probability distribution and statistical mechanics. The corresponding Boltzmann, Fermi and Bose-Einstein distributions are found. They apply only to finite temperature states including correlations. As a by-product any negative absolute temperatures are categorically excluded, supporting a recent “no-negative T” claim.