Estrogenic and anti - estrogenic activity of 23 commercial 1 textile dyes

17 The presence of dyes in wastewater effluent of textile industry is well documented. In 18 contrast, the endocrine disrupting effects of these dyes and wastewater effluent have been 19 poorly investigated. Herein, we studied twenty-three commercial dyes, usually used in the 20 textile industry, and extracts of blue jean textile wastewater samples were evaluated for their 21 agonistic and antagonistic estrogen activity. Total estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities 22 were measured using the Yeast Estrogen Screen bioassay (YES) that evaluates estrogen 23 receptor binding-dependent transcriptional and translational activities. The estrogenic 24 potencies of the dyes and wastewater samples were evaluated by dose-response curves and 25 compared to the dose-response curve of 17β-estradiol (E2), the reference compound. The 26 dose-dependent anti-estrogenic activities of the dyes and wastewater samples were 27 normalized to the known antagonistic effect of 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) on the induction 28 of the lac Z reporter gene by E2. About half azo textile dyes have anti-estrogenic activity with 29 the most active being Blue HFRL. Most azo dyes however have no or weak estrogenic 30 activity. E2/dye or E2/waste water ER competitive binding assays show activity of Blue 31 in se rm -0 08 43 00 6, v er si on 1 10 J ul 2 01 3 Author manuscript, published in "Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2012;85:131-6" DOI : 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.08.003