Effects of unilateral deactivations of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

29 The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) have both 30 been implicated in the cognitive control of saccadic eye movements by single neuron 31 recording studies in nonhuman primates and functional imaging studies in humans, but 32 their relative roles remain unclear. Here, we reversibly deactivated either dlPFC or ACC 33 subregions in macaque monkeys while the animals performed randomly interleaved pro34 and antisaccades. In addition, we explored the whole-brain functional connectivity of 35 these two regions by applying a seed-based resting-state fMRI analysis in a separate 36 cohort of monkeys. We found that unilateral dlPFC deactivation had stronger behavioral 37 effects on saccades than unilateral ACC deactivation, and that the dlPFC displayed 38 stronger functional connectivity with frontoparietal areas than the ACC. We suggest that 39 the dlPFC plays a more prominent role in the preparation of proand antisaccades than 40 the ACC. 41 42