Thyroid Malignancy in Multi Nodular Goiter; Incidence, a Retrospective Study in Southern Punjab

INTRODUCTION Thyroid carcinoma represents total 1 % of human neoplasm with increasing incidence for the last 4 decades. However, that increase appears to be due to an increase in the diagnosis of papillary microcarcinomas associated with increased sampling of 1 resected specimens by pathologists . Epidemiologically ascertained risk factors are ionising radiation, the presence of thyroid adenoma and multinodular goiter (MNG). Multinodularity of goiter should no longer be considered an indicator of 2 probable benign disease . Traditionally it was thought that multi nodular goiter (MNG) is a benign disease but recently it has been discovered that thyroid malignancy can occur even in MNG.