Signals of Interannual and Interdecadal Variability of Air-SeaInteraction in the Basin-Wide Indian Ocean
نویسندگان
چکیده
Many climatologists are concerned with the variability of air-sea interactions. In this paper, signals of interannual and interdecadal variability of air-sea interactions in the southern subtropical Indian Ocean (SSIO) have been extracted from both monthly sea surface temperatures (SST) and monthly surface winds and compared to air-sea interactions of the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO). Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) expansion has been used in the analysis of observed sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) over the basin-wide Indian Ocean (35°S to15°N, 30°E to120°E) for 1950–1998. The results show that another dipole structure, with centres in the south-western subtropics of the ocean and near Australia, is different from the TIO dipole mode in several aspects. The SSIO dipole mode reflects internal variations of the Indian Ocean, exhibiting obvious interannual and interdecadal changes. The variability of this independent SSTA mode, which is represented by a dipole mode index (DMI), is strongly connected with the air-sea coupling through monsoon precipitation, wind field, and heat flux changes. Examining the wind fields correlated with the SSIO SSTA DMI, an oscillation in the meridional surface wind or the wind DMI is also defined and analyzed. Composite results of wind fields from extreme years and anomalous periods of the SSIO SSTA DMI show that interannual and interdecadal air-sea interactions are evident in the Indian Ocean and are connected with the activity of the east Asian, the south Asian, the African, and the Australian monsoons. RÉSUMÉ [Traduit par la rédation] De nombreux climatologistes s’intéressent à la variabilité des interactions air-mer. Les auteurs du présent article ont extrait les indicateurs de variabilité interannuelle et interdécennale des interactions air-mer dans le secteur sud de l’océan Indien subtropical, des données mensuelles sur les températures de surface de la mer et les vents de surface, et les ont comparés aux interactions air-mer dans l’océan Indien tropical. L’expansion en fonctions orthogonales empiriques a été utilisée lors de l’analyse des anomalies des températures de surface de la mer observées dans l’ensemble du bassin de l’océan Indien (35°S-15°N, 30°E-120°E) pendant la période 1950-1998. Les résultats indiquent qu’une autre structure de dipôle ayant des centres dans le secteur sud-ouest subtropical de l’océan et près de l’Australie, diffère à plusieurs égards du mode dipolaire de l’océan Indien tropical. Le mode dipolaire du secteur sud de l’océan Indien subtropical reflète des variations internes de l’océan Indien et fait voir des changements interannuels et interdécennaux manifestes. La variabilité de ce mode indépendant des anomalies des températures de surface de la mer, que représente un indice de mode dipolaire (IMD), est fortement associée au couplage air-mer par le biais de changements dans les précipitations de mousson, le champ de vent et le flux de chaleur. Un examen des champs de vent mis en corrélation avec l’IMD des anomalies des températures de surface du secteur sud de l’océan Indien subtropical a également permis de définir et d’analyser une oscillation dans le vent de surface méridional ou l’IMD du vent. Les résultats combinés des champs de vent tirés des années extrêmes et des périodes anomales de l’IMD des anomalies des températures de surface du secteur sud de l’océan Indien subtropical montrent que les interactions air-mer interannuelles et interdécennales sont manifestes dans l’océan Indien et qu’elles sont associées à l’activité des moussons de l’Asie orientale, de l’Asie méridionale, de l’Afrique et de l’Australie. ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN 40 (3) 2002, 293–311 © Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society *Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
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