High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/ MS) analysis of some Sudanese propolis

Propolis is a natural resin of a variety of plant origins collected by honeybees to seal gaps and cracks in their hives. Propolis was used as a remedy of various diseases due to its versatile biological activities. At least 200 compounds have been identified in the world. The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of two samples of Sudanese propolis collected from El-Faki Hashim (F.H.) (Khartoum State) and Al-Abbassia (A.B.) (South Kordofan State) by HPLC and GC/MS. (F.H.) by using microscopic examination of pollen from F.H. by microscopic showed six frequent families Caesalpiniaceae, Malvaceae, Anacardiaceae and Aseraceae. Whereas, in A.B. propolis six types of pollen were encountered belonging to families Mimoaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lentibulariaceae and Caryophyllaceae. The chemical composition in the two samples is similar; however phenolics in A.B. are much larger. In F.B. 20 phenolic compounds were detected, while in A.B. 22 phenolics compounds were detected . Sample (F.H.) contained high amount of Gallic: 0.754, Quercetin: 0.84, Euganol: 0.139, Pinostrobin: 1.253, Pyrogallic: 1.135, Kaempherol: 1.424, Dadzin: 0.43, Genstin: 0.41, Dadazien: 0.793. While sample (A.B.) contained high amount of b-oh benzoic: (0.89), Phenol (2.095), (Caffeic) 8.448, P-comaric (2.567), Salicylic: 0.341, Ferulic: 0.446, Cinnamic: 5.356, Chrysin: 0.816, Galangin: 0.531, Vanillin: 0.935, 3,5-dimethoxy benzyl: 3.196, Catechine: 0.291, Genstein: 2.024. P-comaric and ferulic were only detected in sample A.B. These 22 phenolic compounds are reported for the first time in the Sudanese propolis. They showed antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer and antioxidative effects.