Chemokine CCl9 (MIP- 1γ), a gene identified for its Up-regulation by CpG-ODN and analysis of its signaling pathways in mouse macrophage and microglial cells

CpG-ODN are bacterial DNA sequences that induce inflammatory signals via TLR9. CpG-ODN stimulation is currently under investigation in patients with allergic diseases like inflammation. However, the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Here we demonstrate for the first time that the CpG-ODN stimulates the chemokine CCL9. The gene CCL9, is responsible for activation of osteoclasts through its receptor CCR1, suggesting an important role in bone resorption. The results showed the signaling pathways of CpG-ODN induced CCl9 expression goes through different pathways in Bv2 and Raw 264.7 cells. The expression of CCL9 induced by Amyloid beta in microglial (Bv2) cells was also observed and discussed, which may further contribute in understanding the mechanism that link in clearing the amyloid plaques in Alzheimer disease.