Preferential photoinactivation of leukemia cells by aluminum phthalocyanine.

The efficacy of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (AlPc) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been evaluated in vitro on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, normal peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (mPBSC). The selectivity of the treatment has been evaluated by mixing PBL and TF-1, an erythroleukemic cell line. Upon photoradiation, this photosensitizer leads to a significant and preferential photokilling of leukemia cells in comparison to normal cells. The use of stimulated lymphocytes in PBL/TF-1 mixtures instead of resting cells also leads to a preferential killing towards TF-1 although activated PBL are more affected than resting PBL. The analysis of AlPc intracellular emission by flow cytometry shows that the uptake of the dye by leukemia cells is faster. This good efficacy towards AML and the observed lower phototoxicity towards normal cells (PBL, normal progenitors) suggest that this phthalocyanine is a potential bone marrow purging agent.