Hypoxia Induced High Expression of Thioredoxin Interacting Protein (TXNIP) in NSCLC and its Prognostic Effect

Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), also known as vitamin D3 upregulated protein (VDUP-1) or thioredoxin binding protein-2 (TBP-2), was originally reported as a gene of unknown function in HL-60 cells induced by 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Chen and DeLuca, 1994). The human TXNIP gene is located on chromosome 1q21.1, contains 8 exons and is 4174 bp in length. The human TXNIP protein consists of 391 amino acids and has a molecular mass of 46 kDa. TXNIP belongs to alpha-arrestin protein family and is perhaps the only family member known to bind thioredoxin (TRX). TXNIP plays an important role in a wide variety of biological functions, such as the regulation of cell death, growth, differentiation, and energy metabolism (Aitken et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2005; Ahsan et al., 2006; Corbett, 2008; Oka et al., 2009). TXNIP is an important gene that is known to be transcriptionally regulated in response to hypoxia (Wong and Hagen, 2013). However, the effect