The European Water Framework Directive and Economic Valuation of Wetlands
نویسندگان
چکیده
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG The European Water Framework Directive and Economic Valuation of Wetlands The Restoration of Floodplains along the River Elbe This paper concerns the economic valuation within the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) of riparian wetlands ecological services, such as the protection of biodiversity. The Directive is an integrated approach to river basin management in Europe and aims at achieving a good water status for both surface and ground water. It introduces economic analysis as a core part of the development of integrated river basin management plans. Among other things, economic analysis should guide decision making on which measures are employed to achieve the good water quality or should justify possible derogation. However, currently the WFD does not clearly state to which extent wetlands should be used for the achievement of environmental objectives, nor which scope the economic analysis should have. While recently a guidance document on the role of wetlands stressed the importance of wetlands in river basin management, our study about the river Elbe shows that riparian wetlands provide significant benefits that should be considered in river basin management decisions. To neglect these benefits would lead to a misguided decision-making process and would result in an inefficient supply of ecological services. Die europäische Wasserrahmenrichtlinie und die ökonomische Bewertung von Feuchtgebieten Die Wiedergewinnung von Überflutungsflächen entlang der Elbe Der Beitrag behandelt die ökonomische Bewertung ökologischer Leistungen, wie den Schutz biologischer Vielfalt, im Kontext der Europäischen Wasserrahmenrichtlinie (WRRL). Die Richtlinie stellt einen integrierter Ansatz zum Flusseinzugsgebietsmanagement in Europa dar, mit dem das Ziel, der gute ökologische Zustand sowohl für Grundals auch für Oberflächenwasserkörper, erreicht werden soll. Entsprechend der Richtlinie ist die ökonomische Analyse ein Kernbestandteil des Flussgebietsmanagements. Sie soll zur Entscheidungsfindung darüber beitragen, welche Maßnahmen zur Erreichung der Ziele eingesetzt werden sollen und in welchen Fällen eine Abweichung von den Zielen begründbar ist. Jedoch wird in der WRRL weder eindeutig geregelt, welche Rolle Feuchtgebieten im Flussgebietsmanagement zukommt, noch ob die ökonomische Bewertung auch die Betrachtung ökonomischer Nutzen umfasst. Die Ergebnisse einer ökonomischen Bewertung von Überflutungsflächen entlang der Elbe zeigen, dass der Nutzen aus Feuchtgebieten beträchtlich sein kann. Wird dieser Nutzen beim Management der Flussgebiete nicht berücksichtigt, kann dies zu einem zu geringen Angebot an ökologischen Leistungen führen.
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