Potential of Agro-Waste Extracts as Supplements for the Continuous Bioremediation of Free Cyanide Contaminated Wastewater

Different agricultural waste peels were assessed for their suitability to be used as primary substrates for the bioremediation of free cyanide (CN) by a cyanide-degrading fungus Aspergillus awamori isolated from cyanide containing wastewater. The bioremediated CN concentration were in the range of 36 to 110 mg CN/L, with Orange (C. sinensis) > Carrot (D. carota) > Onion (A. cepa) > Apple (M. pumila), being chosen as suitable substrates for large scale CN degradation processes due to: 1) the high concentration of bioremediated CN, 2) total reduced sugars released into solution to sustain the biocatalyst, and 3) minimal residual NH4N concentration after fermentation. The bioremediation rate constants (k) were 0.017h (0h < t < 24h), with improved bioremediation rates (0.02189h) observed after 24h. The averaged nitrilase activity was ~10 U/L. Keywords—Agricultural waste, Bioremediation, Cyanide, Wastewater.