Cod all mighty
نویسنده
چکیده
The importance of fish in the history of Europe, particularly in Catholic countries, and the European colonisation of North America, have been underplayed, according to a new book by University of California anthropologist, Brian Fagan. Most Americans have been traditionally schooled to believe that the European discovery and settlement of the New World arose from two events: the first voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1492, and the landing of the pilgrims in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620. Fagan’s book tells a dramatically different story, one centred on the immense fish resources of the North Atlantic and North Sea, and upon the Catholic Christian prohibition of eating meat during Lent and on fast days. Virtually ignored in most history books are centuries of exploitation of these resources by often unrecorded fishermen who travelled across some of the world’s most dangerous seas to catch cod, herring, hake and other fish for the European market and, in the process, find previously unknown shores. As European populations expanded during the Middle Ages, the demand for fish to be eaten on fast days increased accordingly. Initially, this could be met by coastal fishing and by subsistence fishing in streams, rivers, ponds and lakes. The monastic establishments throughout Europe resorted to artificial fish ponds in which species such as carp could be raised, but this was never very productive and the demand for sea fish steadily grew. “By the tenth and eleventh centuries, fish had become not a catch but a commodity. The stage was set for the extraordinary journey to North America,” writes Fagan. The problem with fish from the sea was that they readily spoiled and could not be transported very far before they became inedible. This was particularly true of herring, an oily fish abundant in the shallow seas of northern Europe. The solution was to preserve them once the catch reached the coast, either by salting and/or drying or
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Current Biology
دوره 16 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2006