Applied Economics Workshop
نویسنده
چکیده
1 Using rare surnames we follow the socioeconomic status of initial groups of rich, middling, and poor in England from 1800 until 2011. We measure social status through wealth at death, education, and average age at death. Our method allows unbiased estimates of mobility rates. Mobility rates are much lower than conventionally estimated, even for recent generations. There is considerable persistence of status, even after 200 years. Surprisingly the arrival of mass education and publicly funded universities does not improve mobility. But mobility continues and eventually the rich and poor surnames of 1800 will be indistinguishable, sometime in the 23 rd century.
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