"Analytic-deliberative Processes of Decision Making: Linking Expertise, Stakeholder Experience and Public Values"
نویسنده
چکیده
Inviting the public to be part of the decision making process in environmental management has been a major objective in European and American environmental policy arenas. As one prominent example, the US-National Academy of Sciences encourages environmental protection agencies to foster citizen participation and public involvement for making environmental policy making and risk management more effective and democratic (Stern and Fineberg 1996). The report emphasizes the need for a combination of assessment and dialogue which the authors have framed the "analytic-deliberative" approach. Unfortunately, early public involvement of the public in deliberative processes may compromise, however, the objective of efficient and effective policy implementation or violate the principle of fairness (Okrent 1998). Another problem is that the public consists of many groups with different value structures and preferences. Without a systematic procedure to reach consensus on values and preferences, the public's position often appears as unclear (Cross 1998). Participatory processes are thus needed that combine technical expertise, rational decision making, and public values and preferences. The new keywords are trust-building, community development, and co-determination (Renn 1998).
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