[Caloric restriction and anti-aging].

نویسنده

  • Takuji Shirasawa
چکیده

エレガンス線虫の寿命は約 3 週間で寿命の遺伝学的解 析に適している.研究室で実験に使っている野生型線虫 (N2)は,20°C で飼育すると,最大寿命が 21 日前後な ので,10 日目には中年特有の表現系を示すことが知ら れている.実際,顕微鏡で観察すると,10 日目には消 化管の周りの脂肪組織が急に黒ずんで目立つようにな る.この症状は脂肪細胞にトリグリセライドの蓄積が増 加するためで,ヒトにおける中年太りの内臓脂肪の蓄積 によく似た症状である. 代表的な長寿線虫,daf-2 変異体は最も遺伝解析が進 んでいる変異体である.daf-2 線虫は耐性幼虫(dauer) になりやすいことから daf(dauer formation,耐性幼虫 化)シリーズの名前が付いている.しかし,運動やリズ ムは正常で,一定温度(高温)で飼育する限り,耐性幼 虫化せずに,寿命は 1.5 倍~2 倍に延伸することが報告 されている. 1997 年に Kimura,Ruvkan 等により daf-2 長寿命線 虫の原因遺伝子がインスリン寿命帯相同遺伝子であるこ とが判明した.線虫のインスリン様受容体遺伝子の構 造をヒトのインスリン受容体遺伝子と比較すると(図 1),インスリンが結合するドメイン(図 1,N 末端ドメ イン)とチロシンキナーゼ触媒活性ドメイン(図 1,C 末端ドメイン)は比較的保存されていることが分かる. しかし,線虫には C 末端にヒトゲノムにないドメイン 構造が存在する.この領域はヒトゲノムでは,IRS-1, IRS-2 というインスリン受容体の基質となる分子と相同 性を示す.また,daf-2 遺伝子とヒトゲノムの相同性を 検索すると,インスリン受容体遺伝子と IGF-1 受容体遺 伝子が同様に相同性を示すことから,線虫の daf-2 遺伝 子はヒトゲノム上のインスリン受容体遺伝子,IGF-1 受 容体遺伝子,IRS-1 遺伝子,IRS-2 遺伝子の祖先遺伝子 (プロトタイプ遺伝子)であることが分かる.

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • Nihon Ronen Igakkai zasshi. Japanese journal of geriatrics

دوره 46 3  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2009