Artists in the Winner-Take-All Economy: Artists' Inequality in Six U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1980 â•fi 2000
نویسنده
چکیده
This paper addresses the implications of the winner-take-all economy for income inequality among artists. Using the U.S. census public-use samples, as refined by the Minnesota Population Center, it employs the standard measure of income inequality—the Gini coefficient—to examine income inequality among artists in six major metropolitan areas between 1980 and 2000. The paper compares income inequality among artists with that of other professional workers and among individual categories of artists. Finally, it examines inequality through the lens of ethnicity and gender. The paper concludes that artists are an ‘old’ winner-take-all occupation. In 1980 artists displayed an unusually high degree of within-occupation inequality. However, artists’ inequality did not increase as quickly between 1980 and 2000 as that within the rest of the labor force. By contrast, in the general labor force, African American and female workers had a less unequal income distribution than the general population. Among artists, however, income was distributed more unequally among blacks and women. Finally, the analysis finds significant variation in artists’ income inequality across metropolitan areas. The winner-take-all hypothesis would lead us to expect that metropolitan areas that are ‘global cities’ in the arts world—notably New York and Los Angeles—would have greater inequality than other cities. This is not the case, however. On the one hand, Los Angeles displayed the highest level of income equality among cultural workers. On the other hand, New York— where income inequality among all workers was generally higher than elsewhere—had among the lowest levels of artist income inequality. Disciplines Arts and Humanities | Labor Economics | Sociology Comments SIAP's Dynamics of Culture research was undertaken from 2003 to 2005 with support by the Rockefeller Foundation. This working paper is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/siap_dynamics/5
منابع مشابه
The Roots of Unfairness: the Black Swan in Arts and Literature
It is a sad fact that among a large cohort of artists and writers, almost all will struggle (say, work for Starbucks) while a small number will derive a disproportionate share of fame and attention. The same applies to the so-called masterpieces that determine a canon: a few pieces displace others from the lists in a “winner-take-all” effect –all the while the neglected pieces languish and disa...
متن کامل“edge” or “edgeless” Cities? Urban Spatial Structure in U.s. Metropolitan Areas, 1980 to 2000∗
ABSTRACT. This paper presents a descriptive analysis of spatial trends in six U.S. metropolitan areas. The results show that generalized job dispersion was a more common spatial process than subcentering during the 1980s and 1990s when jobs continued to decentralize from the metropolitan core to the suburbs. Three distinctive patterns of spatial development were found. Job dispersion was predom...
متن کاملA Reading of the Animal Defender Art in Terms of Ethics and Political Economy
This research tries to explain the place of animals in the process of ethics and political economy and based on selected examples, studies and analyzes the art of protecting the animals. It should be noted that although the moral status of animals has been developing in recent decades, economic systems determine the hierarchy of beings in societies. According to the modern philosophers, art as ...
متن کاملمقایسه ویژگی های شخصیتی و سبکهای کنارآمدن در هنرمندان و افراد عادی
Abstract The aim of this study was to compare five-factor model of personality and coping style in artists whom work in the fields of poetry, music, theater and painting with ordinary people. For sampling, groups of artists from artists working in the city's Museum of Contemporary Art, Cultural Center of the Sun and the members of poetry and literature were selected. For ordinary people...
متن کاملMental Rotation in Artists and Non-artists
This research was conducted to compare visuospatial skills in male and female artists and non-artists. Twenty artists (10 males and 10 females) and 20 non-artists (10 males and 10 females) were tested for accuracy and reaction time in a lateralized three-dimensional mental rotation task. Males had significantly fewer errors than females, which is consistent with previous research, but this main...
متن کامل