Environmental drivers of fish functional diversity and composition in the Lower Colorado River Basin
نویسندگان
چکیده
Freshwater conservation efforts require an understanding of how natural and anthropogenic factors shape the present-day biogeography of native and non-native species. This knowledge need is especially acute for imperiled native fishes in the highly modified Lower Colorado River Basin (LCRB), USA. In the present study we employed both a taxonomic and functional approach to explore how natural and human-related environmental drivers shape landscape-scale patterns of fish community composition in the LCRB. Our results showed that hydrologic alteration, watershed land use, and regional climate explained 30.3% and 44.7% of the total variation in fish community taxonomic and functional composition, respectively. Watersheds with greater dam densities and upstream storage capacity supported higher non-native functional diversity, suggesting that dams have provided additional ‘‘niche opportunities’’ for non-native equilibrium lifehistory strategists by introducing new reservoir habitat and modifying downstream flow and thermal regimes. By contrast, watersheds characterized by greater upstream land protection, lower dam densities, and higher variation in spring and summer precipitation supported fish communities with a strong complement of native species (opportunistic–periodic strategists). In conclusion, our study highlights the utility of a life-history approach to better understand the patterns and processes by which fish communities vary along environmental gradients. Résumé : Les efforts de conservation en eau douce nécessitent une compréhension de la manière dont les facteurs naturels et anthropiques affectent la biogéographie actuelle des espèces indigènes et non indigènes. Cette connaissance est particulièrement indispensable pour les poissons indigènes en péril dans le bassin versant inférieur fortement modifié du Colorado (LCRB). Nous utilisons dans notre étude à la fois des méthodologies taxonomiques et fonctionnelles pour explorer comment les facteurs environnementaux naturels et anthropiques transforment les patrons de la communauté de poissons à l’échelle du paysage dans le LCBR. Nos résultats montrent que les modifications hydrologiques, l’utilisation des terres du bassin versant et le climat régional expliquent respectivement 30,3 % et 44,7 % de la variation totale de la composition taxonomique et fonctionnelle de la communauté de poissons. Les bassins versants avec une densité plus élevée de barrages et une capacité plus importante de rétention en amont contiennent une diversité fonctionnelle non indigène plus élevée, ce qui laisse croire que les barrages fournissent des « possibilités de niches » pour des espèces non indigènes stratèges d’équilibre en créant de nouveaux habitats de réservoir et en modifiant les régimes de débit et de température en aval. En revanche, les bassins versants caractérisés par une plus grande protection des terres en amont, une densité plus faible de barrages et une variation plus importante des précipitations de printemps et d’été contiennent des communautés de poissons avec une forte composante d’espèces indigènes (stratèges périodiques et opportunistes). En conclusion, notre étude souligne l’utilité d’une approche basée sur les cycles biologiques pour mieux comprendre les patrons et les processus qui expliquent la variation des communautés de poissons le long des gradients environnementaux. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Received 20 July 2009. Accepted 15 July 2010. Published on the NRC Research Press Web site at cjfas.nrc.ca on 18 October 2010. J21312 Paper handled by Associate Editor Pierre Magnan. T.K. Pool1 and J.D. Olden. University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, 1122 NE Boat Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. J.B. Whittier.2 Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. C.P. Paukert.3 US Geological Survey, Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. 1Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]). 2Present address: University of Missouri, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, 302 ABNR Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. 3Present address: US Geological Survey, Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Missouri, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, 302 ABNR Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. 1791 Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 67: 1791–1807 (2010) doi:10.1139/F10-095 Published by NRC Research Press
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