Hypothyroidism Associated Systemic and Peripheral Disorders in Dogs
نویسندگان
چکیده
Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine disorder in dogs. The present paper puts on record various ailments associated with primary hypothyroidism caused by thyroxine (T4) deficiency and peripheral disorders in euthyroid dogs, which mimic hypothyroidism. The study undertaken on 10,172 dogs presented at the clinics with skin and coat incongruity, revealed clinical manifestations suggestive of hypothyroidism in 182 (1.78%) dogs, out of which 47 (25.8%) dogs demonstrated significantly (P0.01) low level of total thyroxine (T4) indicating primary hypothyroidism. The common clinical signs were bilateral alopecia (82.98%), rattail appearance (72.34%), dry and lusture less coat (68.08%), obesity (68.08%), exercise intolerance (78.72%), and lethargy (74.47%). Most of the cases were acquired hypothyroidism (97.87%), the rest (2.13%) were congenital. The disorders in primary hypothyroidism were related to dermatological (80.00%), metabolic (48.93%), ocular (31.91%), neuromuscular (25.53%), renal (17.02%), cardiovascular (14.89%), and musculoskeletal (4.26%) systems. The illnesses detected in euthyroid dogs constituted, demodicosis (31.11%), atopic dermatitis (19.26%), scabies (17.04%), food allergy (14.07%), flea allergy (9.63%), and hyperadrenocorticism (8.89%). Dermatological lesions in primary hypothyroidism revealed complicities of Malassezia pachydermatis (36.6%), Demodex canis (14.89%), and Staphylococci and Escherichia coli bacteria (8.51%). Metabolic disorder displayed exercise intolerance, lethargy, obesity, and dyspnoea at rest. Ocular disorder manifested corneal lipidosis. Neuromuscular disorders constituted seizures, paraplegia, and facial paralysis. Renal disorder constituted poly urea with increased levels of blood sugar, BUN and serum creatinine. The common cardiovascular abnormality was dilated cardiomyopathy. Musculoskeletal disorder reflected lameness due to osteoarthritis. This paper portrays a chronicle of hypothyroidism associated disorders in dogs in India, which were not reported earlier.
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