Computational Complexity Since 1980
نویسنده
چکیده
The field of computational complexity is reaching what could be termed middle age, with over forty years having passed since the first papers defining the discipline. With this metaphor in mind, the early nineteeneighties represented the end of adolescence for the area, the time when it stopped wondering what it would be when it grew up. During the childhood period of the sixties, research centered on establishing the extent to which computational complexity, or the inherrent computational resources required to solve a problem, actually existed and was well-defined. In the early seventies, Cook (with contributions from Edmonds, Karp and Levin) gave the area its central question, whether P equals NP . Much of this decade was spent exploring the ramifications of this question. However, as the decade progressed, it became increasingly clear that Pvs.NP was only the linking node of a nexus of more sophisticated questions about complexity. Researchers began to raise computational issues that went beyond the time complexity of well-defined decision problems by classical notions of algorithm. Some of the new questions that had arisen included:
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