Resetting the rules of engagement: Trends and issues in military–humanitarian relations - HPG Reports 21 - Research reports and studies

iii Executive summary 1 Chapter 1 Resetting the rules of engagement: trends and issues in military–humanitarian relations 5 Victoria Wheeler and Adele Harmer, HPG 1.1 The history and changing nature of military engagement in crisis response 6 1.1.1 The increased military presence in policy and operational theatres of humanitarian interest 7 1.1.2 Organisational and doctrinal changes at national levels 8 1.1.3 Regionalism and UN missions 11 1.2 Old debates, new terrain 12 1.2.1 Improving dialogue and maintaining the distinction between humanitarian and military action 12 1.2.2 ‘Hearts and minds’ 13 1.2.3 Protection – a shared policy goal? 14 1.2.4 Private interests and challenges to security management 15 1.3 Lesson-learning: pilots, models and innovations 16 1.3.1 Strategic-level interaction 16 1.3.2 Field-level interaction 16 1.3.3 Scenario-playing 17 1.3.4 Changing practices in security management and potential PMF roles 17 1.4 Conclusions and recommendations 18 Chapter 2 The military and humanitarianism: emerging patterns of intervention and engagement 21 Andrew Cottey, University College Cork, and Ted Bikin-Kita 2.1 The military and humanitarianism: a complex relationship 21 2.2 Changing patterns of military intervention 22 2.2.1 The post-Cold War era 22 2.2.2 9/11 and the ‘war on terror’ 22 2.2.3 The UN, regionalism and Western support 24 2.3 The major Western states 25 2.3.1 The United States 25 2.3.2 The United Kingdom 26 2.3.3 France 27 2.3.4 Australia 28 2.4 Global and regional security architectures 28 2.4.1 Return to the United Nations 28 2.4.2 NATO 30 2.4.3 The European Union 31 2.5 Regionalism in an African context 32 2.5.1 The African Union 32 2.5.2 African regional groups 34 2.5.3 Challenges for national forces in Africa 36 2.5.4 Africa: conclusion 37 2.6 Conclusion 37 Chapter 3 The changing role of the military in assistance strategies 39 Stuart Gordon, Sandhurst Royal Military Academy 3.1 The challenge of coherence 39 3.1.1 Coherence and civilianising responses 40 3.1.2 The US response 40 3.1.3 The UK approach 41 3.2 Coherence between humanitarian and military responses 41 3.2.1 Changing military roles? 42 3.2.2 Typologies of military structures 43