Comparative Mapping
نویسنده
چکیده
The search for the genetic factors contributing to complex, multifactorial traits such as human hypertension presents many challenges for medical research, and requires significant work in bioinformatics. Hypertension has been studied significantly in rat and mouse model organisms, with which researchers hope to deduce the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the condition [11]. However, significant problems arise transferring the knowledge gained from work with model organisms to identifying genes contributing to hypertension in humans, which is the ultimate goal of the studies. Blood pressure in animals and humans is affected by many different genes, and shows a continuous distribution. A population of rats has been studied allowing researches to identify genetic regions that contribute to the trait. A region on chromosome 2 in rats is one such area that has been shown to contribute to blood pressure variation and hypertension [10]. The region is known as a quantitative trait locus (QTL), in which there may be several genes with small effects on blood pressure. It is therefore desirable to identify the corresponding QTL in the human genome, with the eventual goal of discovering the genes that have a direct effect on hypertension. A set of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) has been obtained that are believed to map closely to the QTL on rat chromosome 2. The ESTs correspond to genes expressed in this region. It is likely that a region exists somewhere in the human genome containing many of the same sequences, known as the syntenic region. Previous work had suggested that the candidate region on chromosome 2 in rats was highly related to an area of human chromosome 1. Therefore, sequence comparison tools such as BLAST [8] can be used to generate a comparative map of human chromosome 1 and rat chromosome 2. The region can then be scanned for candidate genes that may be involved in hypertension.
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